Cancer cachexia affects many patients with terminal cancer and significantly reduces their quality of life. Enhanced neuroinflammation in the hypothalamic region, which plays an important role in the peripheral-central linkage, has recently been reported to contribute to the development of various diseases. In addition, the activity of non-autonomous cells, such as glial cells, may be responsible for the variability of nerve activity seen in systemic diseases. In this study, we investigated the functional changes in glial cells of the hypothalamus under stress, inflammation and cancer cachexia using magnetic-activated cell sorting. We found changes in the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and immune checkpoint-related molecules in microglia isolated from stress-challenged and cachexia model mice as well as LPS-induced inflammation model, whereas the mRNA levels of stress response-related factors in astrocytes were altered in these models. These results suggest that systemic inflammation and cancer cachexia may induce functional changes in hypothalamic glial cells similar to excess stress pathology and such synchronized phenomenon may at least partly correspond to the exacerbation of cancer-related negative conditions.