Refractory pain disease plagues many people, and relieving chronic pain is a major challenge for all patients. Fibromyalgia, which is classified as intractable pain, is a disease that causes widespread severe pain and is known to be accompanied by various concomitant symptoms such as physical and psychiatric symptoms. On the other hand, fibromyalgia is difficult to identify on the basis of common blood tests and diagnostic imaging. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish clear diagnostic and therapeutic methods. For the purpose of finding the functional changes of neural subtypes observed in fibromyalgia pathology, we have created the differentiation induction technology from fibromyalgia-specific iPS cells. Currently, we are working to identify the target molecules involved in fibromyalgia pathology using differentiated sensory neurons, mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and GABAergic neurons form patient-oriented iPS cells. Our results suggest that the synchronicity of abnormal peripheral sensory responses and impaired mesencephalic dopamine neurotransmission may be involved in the development of hyperalgesia and psychotic symptoms in fibromyalgia. This symposium outlines a new approach using disease-specific iPS cell technology to elucidate the mechanisms of the development of refractory diseases such as fibromyalgia.