Alternative test, which comes from mind of animal welfare, is replacement of an animal test with one that uses non-animal systems for purpose of research and education (Replacement), and includes reduction of animal use (Reduction) and to lessen or eliminate pain or distress to animals (Refinement). Alternative test is effective the abolition of useless animal experiment, economic evaluation of a large number of new compound, risk evasion with searching a toxic unknown compound in animal experiment, study of the mechanism of action for extrapolation to human. In recent years, from the viewpoints of animal welfare and promotion of efficiency of research and development, the reconsideration of animal experiment, reduction of the used animal number, and international development of the alternative experimental animal which can replace it from mammals, are studied positively. In this symposium, I will discuss “New approach of alternative to animal experiments in Japan”.