Successful tissue regeneration requires a spatiotemporally integrated tissue organization by cell groups of various lineages. Therefore, it is important to evaluate tissue-supportive materials in terms of their feasibility to support the tissue organization. Recently, it has been noted that macrophages play important roles in the healing and regeneration process of damaged tissues through their reciprocal activation into inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 subtypes. This study took a cynomolgus monkey as a primate model animal for better translational study. Pulpectomy was conducted in cynomolgus monkey tooth under general anesthesia, and then, different pulp capping materials were applied. We analyzed pulp regeneration process using immunohistochemistry-based quantitative fluorescence imaging. There was a correlation between the morphological dynamics of tissue macrophages and the success or failure of tissue regeneration. Our data suggested that regulation of spatiotemporal macrophage dynamics could be a key factor for proper dentin and tooth pulp regeneration in primates. Conclusively, our quantitative fluorescence imaging analysis of macrophage dynamics could provide a valuable method for evaluating materials and drugs supporting tissue regeneration.