Diabetic retinopathy and exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are representative diseases caused intraocular vascular lesions such as macular edema and/or neovascularization and are difficult to cure in many cases. Currently, drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been developed and have shown excellent results in treating macular edema, but there are no drugs indicated for regression or inhibition of neovascularization itself. There are also problems with cases that do not respond to anti-VEGF drugs or complications of administration. Therefore, the development of therapies targeting molecules other than VEGF is one of the research issues. In addition, even if treatment is initiated after the destruction of normal ocular tissue due to progressive angiogenesis in the eye, the improvement in visual function is low. Therefore, there is also an urgent need to discover markers that can detect the progression of the disease. In this symposium, as a part of the exploratory research conducted in our laboratory, the findings on heparin binding-epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), Apo-E and adiponectin will be introduced. In addition, a future development of new therapeutic targets will be discussed based on the latest drug discovery knowledge for intraocular diseases.