Higher impulsivity is a risk factor for substance abuse and suicide, but only a few anti-impulsive drugs are clinically available. We recently proposed a strategy for identifying anti-impulsive drugs by investigating drugs that increase extracellular dopamine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and stimulate dopamine D₁-like receptors, but not in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). To determine whether this strategy is promising, we examined the effects of duloxetine, a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that might meet these criteria, on impulsive action in adult male Wistar/ST rats using a 3-choice serial reaction time task. The effects of duloxetine on the dopamine levels in the areas were evaluated using in vivo microdialysis, as the noradrenaline transporter mediates dopamine reuptake in some brain regions. We found that the administration of duloxetine reduced impulsive actions and increased dopamine levels in the mPFC but not in the NAc. Microinjection of a D₁-like receptor antagonist into the ventromedial prefrontal cortex blocked the suppression of impulsive action by duloxetine. These results support our proposed strategy for identifying and developing anti-impulsive drugs.